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Pregnant women should avoid king mackerel, shark, and swordfish due to their high levels of mercury. Mercury can be harmful to the developing fetus, potentially affecting brain development and leading to cognitive impairments. These types of fish are known for accumulating mercury in their bodies because of their position in the food chain, and consuming them can increase the risk of mercury exposure during pregnancy.

The other options consist of foods that are generally safe for pregnant women when prepared properly and consumed in moderation. Foods like salmon, tuna, and sardines are typically encouraged due to their beneficial omega-3 fatty acids, which are important for fetal development. Chicken, turkey, and ham are common protein sources that, if cooked properly, can be safely consumed during pregnancy. Meanwhile, pasta, rice, and bread provide essential carbohydrates for energy. Therefore, the focus on avoiding certain types of fish relates specifically to the concern over mercury levels.